Reindeer

 

The Life of Animals | Reindeer | The reindeer is a widespread and numerous species in the northern Holarctic, being present in the tundra and taiga Both (boreal forest). Originally, the reindeer was found in Scandinavia, eastern Europe, Russia, Mongolia, northern China and north of the 50th latitude. Large Populations of wild reindeer are still found in Norway, Finland, Siberia, Greenland, Alaska, and Canada.

The George River herd reindeer in the tundra of Quebec and Labrador in eastern Canada, once numbered 8-900000 world's largest animals, December 2011 stands at 74.000 - a drop of up to 92% Because of Iron-ore mining, flooding for hydro-power and road-building Domesticated reindeer are Mostly found in northern Fennoscandia and Russia, with a herd of reindeer living approximately 150-170 region around the Cairngorms in Scotland. The last remaining wild tundra reindeer in Europe are found in portions of southern Norway. A few reindeer from Norway were the resource persons introduced to the South Atlantic island of South Georgia in the beginning of the 20th century. The South Georgian reindeer total of some 2600 animals in two distinct herds separated by glaciers.

Around 4000 reindeer have been introduced into the French sub-Antarctic archipelago of Kerguelen Islands. East Iceland has a small herd of about 2500-3000 animals Caribou and reindeer numbers have fluctuated Historically, but many herds are in decline across Their range. This decline is linked to global climate change for northern, migratory caribou and reindeer herds and industrial disturbance of caribou habitat for sedentary, non-migratory herds Occurs from late September to early November. Males battle for access to females.

A variety of predators prey heavily on reindeer. Brown bears and polar bears prey on reindeer of all ages, but like the wolverines They are most Likely to attack weaker animals, Such as calves and sick deer, since healthy adult reindeer can usually outpace the bruins. The Gray Wolf is the most effective natural predators of adult reindeer and takes Sometimes large numbers, ESPECIALLY During the winter. A single wolf pack can follow and live off of a particular reindeer herd for months. As carrion, reindeer are fed on opportunistically by foxes, Ravens and hawks. The population numbers of some of these predators is influenced by the migration of reindeer.

Siberian deer owners also use the reindeer to ride on (Siberian reindeer are larger than Their Scandinavian relatives). Reindeer were the resource persons introduced into Alaska near the end of the 19th century; They interbreed with native caribou subspecies there. Reindeer meat is popular in the Scandinavian countries. Reindeer meatballs are sold canned. Sauteed reindeer is the best-known dish in Lapland. In Alaska and Finland, reindeer sausage is sold in Supermarkets and grocery stores. Reindeer meat is very tender and lean. Furthermore, Lapin Poron liha, completely fresh reindeer meat produced and packed in Finnish Lapland, is protected in Europe with PDO classification. Reindeer Antler is powdered and sold as an aphrodisiac, nutritional or medicinal supplement to Asian markets.

Deer

 

  

The Life of Animals | Deer | Deer are widely distributed, with indigenous representatives in all CONTINENTS except Antarctica and Australia, though Africa has only one native species, the Red Deer, confined to the Atlas Mountains in the northwest of the continent. Deer live in a variety of biomes ranging from tundra to the tropical rainforest. While Often associated with forests, many deer are ecotone species live in transitional areas That the between forests and thickets (for cover) and prairie and savanna (open space). The majority of large deer species inhabit temperate mixed deciduous forest, mountain mixed coniferous forest, tropical seasonal dry forest, and savanna habitats around the world. Additionally, access to adjacent croplands may also benefit deer. Some deer have a Circumpolar distribution in Both North America and Eurasia.

The highest concentration of large deer species in temperate North America lies in the Canadian Rocky Mountain and Columbia Mountain regions the between Alberta and British Columbia where all five North American deer species (White-tailed deer, Mule deer, Caribou, Elk, and Moose) can be found. This region has Several clusters of national parks including Mount Revelstoke National Park, Glacier National Park (Canada), Yoho National Park, and Kootenay National Park on the side of British Columbia, and Banff National Park, Jasper National Park, and Glacier National Park (U.S. ) on the Alberta and Montana sides. Mountain slope habitats Vary from moist coniferous mixed forested habitats to dry subalpine / pine forests with alpine meadows higher up. also inhabit river valley bottomlands, the which They share with the White-tailed deer.

The Eurasian Continent (including the Indian Subcontinent) boasts the most species of deer in the world, with most species being found in Asia. Europe, in comparison, has lower diversity in plant and animal species. However, many national parks and protected reserves in Europe do have Populations of red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer. Historically, Europe's deer species of deciduous forest habitats Their shared with other herbivores Such as the Extinct tarpan (forest horse), Extinct aurochs (forest ox), and the endangered wisent (European bison).

The highest concentration of large deer species in temperate Asia Occurs in the mixed deciduous forests, mountain coniferous forests, and taiga bordering North Korea, Manchuria (Northeastern China), and the Ussuri Region (Russia). Among these are some of the deciduous and coniferous forests Richest in the world where one can find Siberian roe deer, Sika deer, and moose. The highest concentration of large deer species in the Tropics Occurs in Southern Asia to Northern India's Indo-Gangetic Plain Region and Nepal's Terai Region. These fertile plains consist of tropical seasonal moist deciduous, dry deciduous forests, and Both dry and wet savannas are home to That chital, hog deer, barasingha, Indian sambar, and Indian muntjac. 

Hog deer are solitary and have lower densities than Indian muntjac. Deer can be seen in Several national parks in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka of the which Kanha National Park, Dudhwa National Park, and Chitwan National Park are most famous. Sri Lanka's Wilpattu National Park and Yala National Park have large herds of Indian sambar and chital. The The Chao Praya River Valley of Thailand was once primarily tropical seasonal moist deciduous forest and wet savannah That hosted Populations of hog deer, the now-Extinct Schomburgk's deer, the eld's deer, sambar Indians, and Indian muntjac. Both the hog deer and eld's deer are rare, whereas Indian muntjac Indian sambar and Thrive in protected national parks Such as Khao Yai.Many of these South Asian and Southeast Asian deer species also share the habitat with Their Various herbivores Such as Asian elephants, Various Asian rhinoceros species, Various antelope species (Such as nilgai, Four-Horned antelope, blackbuck, and Indian gazelle in India), and wild oxen (Such as wild Asian water buffalo, Gaur, bison, and kouprey). Australia has six introduced species of deer That have established sustainable wild Populations releases from acclimatization societies in the 19th century. These are fallow deer, red deer, sambar, hog deer, deer, and chital. Red deer introduced into New Zealand in 1851 from Classic and Scottish stock were the resource persons domesticated in deer farms by the late 1960s and are common farm animals there now. Seven other species of deer were the resource persons introduced into New Zealand but none are as widespread as red deer The earliest fossil deer including Heteroprox date from the Oligocene of Europe, and resembled the modern muntjacs. Had some huge deer Extinct Antlers, larger than Those of any living species.